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Figure 1 is an example of a JOP attack. In this example, the attacker's aim is to execute a system call "int 0x80" to open a new command line window. To do this, an attacker needs to modify the contents of the eax register to "0x0000000b" and the ebx register to the string "/bin/sh" before "int 0x80" is called, and the ecx and edx registers must point to the value "0x00000000". Suppose the value "0x0000000" and the string "/bin/sh" can be found in memory when the program is running. An attacker needs to construct the value "0x0000000b" himself. However, for the value "0x0000000b", when an attacker saves data to the stack through a buffer overflow, the "0x00" byte will trigger the system to terminate the read operation. This example specifically describes how the attacker uses the existing code snippet in the program to modify the value of val pushed into the stack by the attacker step by step from "0xffffff0b" to the value required by the system call "0x0000000b", thus implementing JOP attack. The following are the detailed steps of the process.State machines also have a wide range of uses in game development, especially the logic writing of game AI. The main characters in the game have various states such as walking, attacking, defending, falling and jumping. These states are both interrelated and constrained. For example, if attacked during walking, it will switch from walking state to falling state. In the state of falling, it can neither attack nor defend. Similarly, you cannot switch to the defensive state during the jump, but you can attack. This kind of scenario is very suitable to be described by state machine. The code is as follows:/liedown (lie down)花生低声对玉米道：大苞谷这家伙真是有福气。香荽忙对黑娃和侍卫们道：你们也去。Attack Power UP [Small] 5Then melee 1 sec/290-200 = 90 damage.